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The higher the casein fraction and/or the fat level, the less interspaced voids in the network were observed.
The β-casein, which is encoded by the CSN2 locus, is the major casein fraction in goat milk [ 13].
The major cow's allergens belong to the casein fraction of proteins (αs1-, αs2-, β-, and κ-casein) and to whey proteins (α-lactalbumin and β-lactoglobulin) [ 62].
The presence of a whey protein in such a product may be explained by co-precipitation during isolation of the casein fraction, or contamination during processing, it also may point to an overestimation by ELISA.
Previously a multimeric form of LALBA (MAL), isolated from the casein fraction of human milk and formed by low pH treatment and ion-exchange, has been shown to reduce cell viability in kidney, intestine, bladder, lung cell lines, lymphocytes and thymocytes, but healthy cells were not affected [ 31] and mammary epithelial cells were not tested.
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HAMLET (human alpha-lactalbumin made lethal to tumor cells) is a tumoricidal complex consisting of partially unfolded protein and fatty acid and was first identified in casein fractions of human breast milk.
Even if the ripening period lasted only 7 days, a general reduction in casein fractions was observed in the cheese with added SCs: β-casein (43 vs 26%%), para-κ-casein (37 vs 23%%), αs2-casein (30 vs 20%%), and αs1-casein (25 vs 14%%).
The breakdown of αs1- casein and αs1-I-casein fractions was highest in the control and decreased with increase in protein content of cheese milk, with UF2 being the lowest.
Mao et al. [ 28] concluded that the lower was the molecular weight of the yak casein hydrolysate fraction, the higher was its ACE-I inhibitory activity, and the molecular weight of the most effective fraction was below 6 kDa (85.4%).
Such a hypothesis is consistent with the electrophoresis (1D) patterns of αs1-casein chromatographic fractions which were shown to contain at least two bands, either with C57BL/6J or SEG/Pas milks (data not shown).
Protease activity was detected in fractions 17 and 18 in casein culture supernatant, fractions 17 20 in pig lung culture supernatant, and fractions 16 20 in mucin culture supernatant (Fig 3B).
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