In this paper, Trivers implicitly lumped all helping behaviors yielding future direct fitness benefits into his definition, but he later clarified reciprocal altruism as a special case of this broader category.
In 76% of cases within this category, the distance of mean responses was increased while the mean variance of responses was decreased, which are both beneficial for odor discrimination.
The difference was not statistically significant, which is likely because of the small number of cases in this category.
Hautpmann et al. (2009) found that risk estimates from analyses using subjects who never embalmed as a referent category were highly unstable because of the small number of cases in this category (n = 4, odds ratio [OR] =3.0, 95% CI: 1.0-9.5 for ever vs. never embalmed).
Thus, for example, one finds that cases involving corporate actor liability are based on the case law concerning corporate actors, and cases involving lender liability are based on the case law for this category of individual or institution.
Results could also be underestimated due to the small number of cases in this category.
Since the stability of the calculated coefficients and the odds ratios (OR) depend on the size of the reference category, it was decided to have at least 20% of cases in this category.
Although our data suggest a possible decrease in risk for females associated with high 25(OH D concentrations (≥75 nmol/L), the linear trend was not statistically significant and the number of cases in this category was small (n = 14).
Although the data showed a statistically significant decreased risk for females (odds ratio = 0.31, 95% confidence interval: 0.12, 0.85) with 25(OH D concentrations of ≥75 nmol/L, the linear trend was not statistically significant and the number of cases in this category was small (n = 14).
More specifically, the following tumour type operational definitions (based on ICD-10 site and ICD-O morphology codes) were used: OSCC (defined in order to be excluded from further analysis, as explained above): ICD-10 C150-9 and ICD-O M80703 ('Squamous cell carcinoma', 88% of cases in this category), or M80713, M80723, M80733, M80743, M80943, M81233, M85603).
