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Addition of these six micronutrients was only allowed in the case of substitution (e.g., vitamins A and D in margarine as a substitute for butter) or restoration (for instance, because of losses during processing) [ 1].
In case of substitution with a chiral branched alkyl chain, 5a, strong signals have been recorded by means of circular dichroism spectroscopy.
In the case of substitution of the acid with an acylsulfonamide, we observed a complete loss of activity (15 versus 25), maintenance of inhibition (16 versus 26), and significant gain of efficacy (17 versus 27).
Similar(56)
In the case of substitutions from cysteine residues, 92 nsSNPs linked to 79 genes and 122 protein isoforms were observed.
This is the case of substitutions A2982G and U3582C which were beneficial when present in separate genomes, and, however, were lethal or highly deleterious when present in the same genome, providing a clear example of antagonistic epistasis.
This was important to allow Ka/Ks estimation in cases where either type of substitution was not found.
Notice that: ρ i Case Elasticity of substitution −∞ Leontieff: perfect complements 0 0 Cobb Douglas 1 1 Perfect substitutes ∞.
For one thing, not every case of replacement counts as substitution: the expression we replace with its synonym within a larger expression must be a constituent of the larger expression.
In the case of nucleotide substitution models, full parameterization for a substitution rate matrix is possible with 8 parameters; the total rate is normalized to one.
As previously mentioned, insertions and deletions are special cases of substitutions.
We found 147 cases of substitutions in miRNAs, which could be classified into 13 families (Fig. 3, Table 3).
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