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In the case of smear negatives, their reaction and response to their inconclusive diagnosis was also sought.
To estimate the patient sector costs, a trained nurse invited all eligible patients (i.e., a new case of smear positive PTB) to participate in the study.
All eligible patients (i.e., a new case of smear positive PTB, literate and aged 18 years or above) were asked to self-complete the SF-36v2 questionnaire at the start of their treatment, and then subsequently after the intensive phase and at the end of the treatment.
During the study period, all eligible patients (i.e., a new case of smear positive PTB, literate and aged ≥ 18 years) were asked to self-complete the SF-36v2 questionnaire (either Malay, Mandarin, Tamil or English version) at the start of the treatment, and subsequently after the intensive phase (IP) (second follow-up) and at the end of the treatment (third follow-up) [ 3, 6, 13, 14].
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The current controversy over Sydney University's Barry Spurr, a consultant to the Abbott government's review of the national curriculum, is yet another case of smearing a whistle-blower who released a slew of racist and sexist emails to New Matilda.
On the basis of negative sputum results and clinical and radiographic examination, any clinician can declare any patient to be a case of smear-negative pulmonary TB.
The use of antibiotics in the case of smear-negative pulmonary TB also increases the HSD (13).
Further, the WHO 2007 algorithm outlines a lengthy diagnostic pathway which requires a patient to visit the clinic four times before a clinician decides whether to treat a patient as a case of smear-negative tuberculosis.
In January 2009, a case of smear-negative, culture-positive pulmonary TB with cavitary involvement of both upper lung lobes was reported to the same local health authorities by a hospital in southern Italy.
In other words, in the absence of control measures, 50 cases would generate 1,000 infections; i.e., the average patient with a new case of smear-positive TB would generate approximately 20 infections over time.
In terms of clinical care, they did not make decisions for patients with HIV to initiate TB treatment in cases of smear negative or extra pulmonary TB.
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