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Neither of these is credible in the case of pharmaceuticals, where the profit loss would come from a price reduction.
In the case of pharmaceuticals, evidence suggests that a substantial share of utilization occurs outside the indication for which a new drug is first approved.
As reported in several recent reviews, the rate of irrelevant positives (i.e. low specificity) for some studies using in vitro methods (when compared to this "gold standard") means that an increased number of test articles are subjected to additional in vivo genotoxicity testing, in many cases before, e.g. the efficacy (in the case of pharmaceuticals) of the compound has been evaluated.
This type of early economic evaluation would take place behind company doors in the case of pharmaceuticals.
Especially in the case of pharmaceuticals dispensed outside the hospitals the role of cost-effectiveness as criterion for reimbursement is quite prominent.
In the case of pharmaceuticals and other intervention-based therapies, this could mean access to a potentially beneficial treatment would end when the trial ends.
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People attending the F.D.A. committee meeting on suvorexant passed, in a lobby, a display case of pharmaceutical shame.
In case of pharmaceutical tableting, complexities are abundant.
In case of pharmaceutical pellets, which are of approximately equal size, the particle size or shape would generally be sufficient.
However, in the case of pharmaceutical compounds, there may also be limitations with regard to achieving safe and efficacious drugs that are at the same time environmentally friendly.
In the case of pharmaceutical substances the particle size is quite important since it can limit the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com