In the case of pain patients, suspect samples are subjected to a more sophisticated and costly kind of test known as a quantitative analysis.
It seems likely that, if the plant neurobiologists were willing to add the prefix "plant-specific" to intelligence and learning and memory and consciousness (as Mancuso and Baluška are prepared to do in the case of pain), then at least some of this "scientific controversy" might evaporate.
Suppose, for example, that I really am experiencing a marginal case of pain.
But in the case of pain, we don't seem to semantically apply PAIN, or 'pain' for that matter, to tissue damage.
In case of pain, it significantly decreased in both the groups, though comparatively the pain in the experimental group was decreased more, in comparison to the conventional group.
Suppose that I am experiencing what seems to be a marginal or border-line case of pain, and that I believe it is an experience of pain.
This hypothesis seems especially intuitive in the case of kinaesthetic experiences (Wong, 2009) and in the case of pain (Klein, 2007, 2015; Hall, 2008; Martinez, 2011).
Herein is described a case of pain without autonomic phenomena, with temporal features that are not entirely typical of any of the heretofore described TACs.
Informed consent was obtained prior to the procedure with the explicit agreement that in case of pain, a general anesthesia would be performed immediately.
But, argue functionalists, it is most unlikely that we could identify a single kind of physical state instances of which play this role in every actual and possible case of pain.
