Here we describe referrals from two aspects: firstly, from that of primary level facilities which refer patients (step 4), and secondly from that of the referral hospital where those who have been referred present for case-management (step 5).
Other forms of providing supportive care comprise integrated care, transmural care, collaborative care, case management, and stepped care.
The model is a "light touch" approach based around the principles of case management and stepped care, with vocational advisors providing a goal oriented approach to return to work or remaining in work and with patients being able to "step up" the support they receive when necessary.
As a third step, case management strategies were explored to investigate chiropractors' decisions using hypothetical but clinically relevant cases in a questionnaire [ 15] as well as in an interview study [ 16].
Trials of antidepressants (31, 32), cognitive behavioral therapy (33), and stepped-care case management (34– 36) have had positive effects on depression but have generally failed to have a positive impact on self-care behaviors.
During the implementation of a health facility based surveillance system, there were significant improvements in several key steps of malaria case management at the six sentinel sites.
As such, our goal is to define and measure the prevalence of, and assess the predictors of, case management in UC as a first step towards examining the contribution of CM to treatment outcomes.
The training programme was based on stepped care and case management principles.
The first critical step for improving malaria case management is the referral of patients with suspected malaria for laboratory diagnostic testing.
Based on the CCM, healthcare providers should distinguish between more and less complex patients and design cost effective stepped care models including case management for complex cases as recommended by several studies [ 23, 24, 26].
