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The accusative case: This marks the direct object of the verb.
Its case marking follows the ergative absolutive pattern where the subject of an intransitive verb is in the absolutive case (which is unmarked), the same case being used for the direct object of a transitive verb.
The parser can identify which part is the subject, the direct object, the indirect object, etc.
Definitions like 'clean the car, perhaps' can only indicate an intransitive verb, since the direct object forms part of the definition.
The solid vertical lines downward from agt and pat indicate that for any verb integrated into this construction it is required that its subject NP should express the agent participant, and the direct object (OBJ2) should express the patient participant.
Thus, in the example man (ergative) + see (past tense) + you (accusative) + big (ergative), the ergative suffix indicates that man is the subject of the transitive verb see and that big modifies man and not the direct object, you.
In the former case, with links two things that act reciprocally, while in the latter, with links the direct object and indirect object.
(The direct object is "what").
Make it "whom," the direct object of "has seen".
In any case, Huang's analysis of 40 as 41 does not provide any support or evidence for a claim that Zhangsan in 40 is the direct object of zui or a claim that wo in 39a is the direct object of chang.
The direct object is the audience.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com