Whilst haemorrhagic tumour necrosis has been noted on MRI in the literature, none of the cases evaluated with MRI in our cohort demonstrated lesional T1 hyperintensity or T2 fluid-fluid levels to suggest the presence of haemorrhage [19, 20, 22].
Thus we cannot differentiate between those cases evaluated with one method or the other nor those GA corrected by USN and those not.
Third, the QUADAS tool revealed that in approximately two-thirds of the studies partial verification bias was not clearly avoided, as not all cases evaluated with the index test went on to receive verification using the reference test.
Consequently, thirteen original research reports (as listed in Table 1 below) and a total of 2920 NPC cases evaluated with MRI were included in this analysis [ 7, 8, 12- 14, 19- 26].
In approximately one quarter of the studies, partial verification bias was not clearly avoided as not all cases evaluated with the index test were verified using the reference test.
Nevertheless, the mutation frequency in rectal GISTs has not been specifically investigated [ 15, 16] except in Miettinen's study [ 8], which found mutations in 18 of 29 (62%) of the cases evaluated, with a predominance of KIT exon 11 mutations, a lack of KIT exon 13 mutations, and only one KIT exon 9 mutation.
In the most extreme case evaluated, a design with ralt = 0.2, rnul = 0.05, ttpalt = 7, and ttpnul = 4 results in stage I rejection values of r1 ≤ -1 and epd ≥ 16, indicating the study is unable to reject Hnul at stage I and all trials will recruit 30 subjects.
Each case is evaluated with 10 %, 25, and 50% of susceptible and exposed individuals wearing masks, while in each case the fraction of infectious individuals wearing masks is slightly larger.
This index case was evaluated with visual field testing, brain magnetic resonance imaging, lumbar puncture, and laboratory evaluation, and treated with intravenous methylprednisolone followed by a steroid taper.
We defined agreement as the degree to which the same information about a patient case was evaluated with the same directionality.
