In metabolic reactions, there is a cascade relationship between enzymes.
It is the aim of this study to identify the cascade of relationships that link muscle weakness to plantar pressure.
The other side of the cascade of relationships that we wanted to investigate relates to the question whether the redistribution of joint moments has been caused by muscle weakness.
However, to test whether the proposed cascade of relationships really exists and whether the various findings of this study are not just an association of phenomena with a common underlying cause an intervention study will be necessary.
Extracting the similar expression level, based on the same phosphorylation signaling cascade by relationship between kinase and substrate, suggests that ELK1 may be an important regulator in ErbB2 pathway.
Indeed, the tra/tra2>dsx elements at the bottom of the cascade, and their relationships, have been found conserved in all the dipterans analysed so far.
It has been suggested [ 18] that the tra/tra2 > dsx elements at the bottom of the cascade, and their relationships, likely represent the ancestral state (which still exists in the Tephritidae, Calliphoridae and Muscidae lineages) of the extant cascade found in the Drosophilidae lineage (in which tra is just another component of the sex determination gene cascade regulated by Sxl).
Thus, the transformer/transfomer-2 > doublesex elements at the bottom of the cascade, and their relationships, probably represent the ancestral state (which still exists in the Tephritidae, Calliphoridae and Muscidae lineages) of the extant cascade found in the Drosophilidae lineage (in which tra is just another component of the sex determination gene cascade regulated by Sex-lethal).
Trophic cascades are ecological relationships in which an apex predator produces strong top-down, direct effects on its prey and indirect changes in faunal and floral communities at lower trophic levels.
Although we have linked XEs to rapid cellular events that trigger intracellular Ca2+ influxes and PRL secretion, further study is needed to fully understand all of these differentially activated signaling cascades and their relationships to the myriad outcomes of XE exposure.
