The two adults positive for pneumococcal carriage both had received two doses of PPV23.
The sensitivity and specificity of SE gene carriage both separately and in combination with anti-CCP antibodies and RFs were calculated.
The degree of variance between strains is particularly characterized within regions associated with mobile elements, and we have identified multiple carriage both of known C. difficile temperate phages and novel prophage types.
Acquisition rates were determined in the following exposure strata: no observed carriage, carriage in the day care centre (DCC) only, carriage in both and carriage in the family only.
In the present paper, the model of pneumococcal carriage accommodated both single carriage (only 1 colonizing serotype in an individual) and double carriage (2 simultaneously colonizing serotypes).
Exposure to pneumococci was defined in terms of carriage of the target type by at least one other individual in the mixing group at the previous visit one month earlier, with categories "no observed carriage", "carriage in the family only", "carriage in the DCC only", or "carriage in both".
To the Editor: In their cross-sectional study comparing group B streptococcus (GBS) carriage among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women in Malawi, Gray et al. found no differences in GBS carriage between both groups but found a higher carriage rate for HIV-infected women with high CD4 cell counts (1 ).
Overall, post-treatment gametocyte carriage was significantly lower than pretreatment gametocyte carriage in both treatment groups (P < 0.0001).
Specifically, separate relative rates were specified for categories "carriage in the family only" and "carriage in the DCC only" and a multiplicative relative rate for "carriage in both".
By regression analysis, with the assumption of a multiplicative rate for carriage in both mixing groups, the relative rate was 5.3 (90% CI 2.9 10.0) for carriage in family only, and 5.4 (90% CI 3.6 8.2) for carriage in DCC only in comparison to "no observed carriage".
