In a one-year surveillance study of student football and lacrosse athletes, MRSA carriage ranged from 4.0 to 23.0%, with a peak during the period of maximal athletic activity [31].
Most striking differences were observed in the prevalence of ESBL carriage, ranged from zero to 20.6% (p < 0.001).
Smith et al. [ 11] found that average duration of carriage ranged 6.7 to 62.5 days among 25 serotypes, 6 of which are included in the vaccine.
Durand-Joly et al. longitudinally followed HCWs with oropharyngeal washes and found P. jirovecii DNA in 10 (6.1%) of 164; duration of carriage ranged from 3 to 10 weeks (31 ).
In the case of S. pneumoniae, carriage ranges from 10% to 40% in an age dependent manner [6], with a lower percentage of multiple strains in the same sample [7].
The estimated nasopharyngeal carriage rate ranges from 0.6% to 34% and is higher in adolescents and individuals living in overcrowded and confined spaces. 2 7 There are at least 13 known serogroups of N meningitidis; however, more than 90% of disease is caused by serogroups A, B, C, W-135, X and Y.
Wild ducks also pose a potential health risk to humans, with reported Campylobacter carriage rates ranging from 13%to75%5%, although models attribute a low proportion of human disease to environmental sources (Luechtefeld et al., 1980; Pacha et al., 1988; Obiri-Danso and Jones, 1999; Fallacara et al., 2001; Wilson et al., 2008; Sheppard et al., 2009).
At fnbB, Wr domain lengths for nasal carriage isolates ranged from 273 bp to 378 bp while clinical isolates ranged from 303 bp and 345 bp.
The carriage rate within kindergartens ranged from 13.8% (kindergarten E) to 22.8% (kindergarten C).
In Mali, studies in specific population groups (pregnant women, students, blood donors) reported a variable rate of HB carriage in adults ranging between 10 and 18% [ 10- 17].
