The carriage of resistance markers is highly variable (Figure 2).
Indeed, in some cases (PCR-ribotype 001, 020 and 106) there is greater overall carriage of these markers (100%) than amongst the PCR-ribotype 027 strains examined (98.8%).
Asymptomatic nasopharyngeal carriage represents an important biological marker for monitoring pneumococcal serotype distribution and evaluating vaccine effects.
Prophage content has also been estimated by amplification of key phage genes by PCR, such as the holin and capsid genes as markers for prophage carriage (Nale et al. 2012; Shan et al. 2012; Hargreaves et al. 2013).
HBsAg was determined as a marker of chronic HBV carriage by a reverse passive hemagglutination assay (Murex Diagnostics Limited, Dartford, UK) with radioimmunoassay testing of negative samples (Sorin Biomedica Diagnostics, Vercelli, Italy).
Carriage of specific growth-related genetic markers is associated with growth response in GHD and TS.
Identification of genetic markers associated with nasal carriage of S. aureus may be used in breeding to select animals with reduced susceptibility to colonization by this organism.
Based on the carriage of a functional cagA as a marker for the cag PAI, the H. pylori species is divided into cagA-positive and cagA-negative strains.
The carriage of pls-SCC [15], several resistance markers (see Figure 2), enterotoxin genes seb+sek+seq and of β-haemolysin-converting phages (sak, chp and scn) is variable.
Reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) based on the mature gametocyte marker Pfs25 was used to assess for subpatent carriage of falciparum gametocytes in admission blood samples from the patients enrolled in ARC2.
