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This may have an effect on the duration of carriage estimates as out competition may have occurred rather than clearance of the serotype that was originally carried.
10 The model was parameterised by using carriage estimates from a recent systematic review 11 and disease data for England by using an assortative population mixing pattern, found to perform well in modelling of meningococcal group C vaccination in the UK. 12 After meningococcal disease, individuals can survive without sequelae, survive with sequelae (with a reduced quality of life), or die.
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Third, many children are asymptomatic carriers of GAS, with the prevalence of GAS throat carriage estimated at 12% [ 12].
Because the duration of ESBL-E carriage (estimated at 6 months [ 22]) typically exceeds hospital lengths of stay, we did not account for possible carriage clearance during the stay.
The monthly rates of within-room transmission, community acquisition and clearing carriage were estimated.
MRSA prevalence among HCWs in non-outbreak settings was no higher than carriage rates estimated for outbreaks.
We found that MRSA prevalence among HCWs in non-outbreak settings was no higher than carriage rates estimated for outbreaks.
The median duration of SPn carriage is estimated to be 31 days in adults and 60.5 days in children [ 2].
S. pneumoniae carriage prevalence estimate was 52%, similar to the results of some other studies in Vietnam [ 10, 11], but higher than reported elsewhere [ 22, 23].
The average duration of carriage was estimated using a previously developed modelling framework [ 41, 42] and considering the following age classes: 0-1, 2-4, 5-17 and 18+.
Rates of carriage are estimated to be 10% in the general population when cultured by nasopharyngeal swabbing, and up to 45% when cultured from tonsillar tissue [ 2].
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