The above results showed that the supplementation of 150 175 mg/kg protease in pelleted LF diet, but not in extruded LF diet, could improve the growth performance, nutrient digestibility and nutrient retention of gibel carp when compared to the LF diet without protease.
This is in line with Vetešník et al. [ 26], who identified a higher metabolic rate and higher energy intake in gynogenetic females of Prussian carp when compared to sexuals.
In particular, MeHg concentrations should have been higher in carp of FO ponds compared to carp of VO ponds due to the generally higher MeHg concentrations in zooplankton of FO ponds.
Carp of these ponds exhibited lower MeHg concentrations compared to carp fed exclusively on zooplankton or on additional VO diets.
Although feeding on relatively less zooplankton, dietary contribution of zooplankton-derived MeHg to carp of the FO ponds might have reached similar MeHg concentrations compared to carp of the VO and reference ponds, the latter feeding on a higher zooplankton proportion, yet lower zooplankton-derived MeHg concentrations.
Our results were in agreement with reports demonstrating a decline in condition factor in fish exposed to environmental pollutants [ 21], although this finding is not universal, as studies have reported no differences in common carp exposed to deltamethrin compared to control [ 22].
This fast isoform confers faster contractile properties on cold-acclimated carp myotomal muscle (Watabe, 2002); and cold-acclimated carp show improved swimming performance compared to warm acclimated fish (Wakeling et al., 2000).
More specifically, GC-rich isochores were found to be absent or scarce in the carp and xenopus genome, respectively, compared to the genomes of human, mouse and chicken [ 4], and similar differences were seen in orthologous genes [ 12].
Male fish collected from an effluent channel below the St . Paulmetropolitan sewage treatment plant had significantly elevated serum egg protein (vitellogenin) concentrations and significantly decreased serum testosterone concentrations compared to male carp collected from the St. Croix River, classified as a National Wild and Scenic River.
In zebrafish, no genome duplication event after speciation was observed, suggesting that, compared to zebrafish, common carp had undergone an additional genome duplication event.
