As illustrated in the study of Zambian home-based caregivers, the shift in roles for lay health workers to support formal HIV care in the era of ART is not always accompanied by the necessary specialised training, supervisory support or opportunities for professional mobility that might be important factors in motivating and retaining these workers.
As described in the two cases (Table 2 and 3), caregivers commonly shifted between folk, popular, and professional bio-medical treatment systems as a disease developed and choices were often based on the perceived severity of the disease.
2 The inability to perform ADLs and IADLs leads to loss of independence, affects quality of life of patients with dementia, and increases the burden of caregivers by shifting to them many daily responsibilities.
Changes in staff attitudes and behaviours in considering parents as primary caregivers entails a shift of power and role negotiation, which needs active advocacy [ 3].
Our findings also show that the presence of a caregiver-companion can shift the IPC's focus from the patient to the companion at times.
Except for male live-in caregivers, no such upward shift in age earnings profiles can be detected for other groups of male or female TFWs.10 For highly skilled workers in the TFW-LMO, IA, and CI-EB groups, the absence of an upward shift in the age earnings profile suggests that restriction to specific employers does not put these TFWs in a disadvantageous position.
Our caregivers have noticed a shift in openness and acceptance among first-generation immigrants compared with their immigrant parents.
With their clients' increasing self-reliance, caregivers noticed a marked shift in their own roles, from hands-on physical patient care and supportive activities within the household such as cleaning and cooking to medicalised tasks geared towards enabling clients to understand, access, and adhere to ART.
For informal caregiving overall, a shift from 1 to 0 indicated a shift from informal caregiving to no longer being an informal caregiver (i.e., beginning use of formal care use or the death of the care recipient).
The caregiver on the night shift curls up with the dogs for naps.
