At the community level, depression is associated with loss of productivity and time off work, a high burden on caregivers, relationship breakdown and unemployment leading to dependence on government benefits (Beck et al., 2011).
The caregivers' relationship to the patients were spouses/partners (46%), children (31%), parents (8%), siblings (7%), and other, e.g., friends or colleagues (8%).> Table 4 illustrates the association between caregiver status and the caregiver's relationship to the patient.
Zambian home-based caregivers' relationships within communities are also changing with the medicalisation of HIV care, as indicated in another recent study from Mozambique [ 19].
In the third section, we describe how the changes in roles and responsibilities of HBC providers affected caregivers' relationships with PLHIV and their families.
Second, we examined how the changes in roles and responsibilities within the mandate of ART delivery affected home-based caregivers' relationships with PLHIV and their families.
The patient-caregiver relationship became a friendship, and the friendship became a romance.
As a consequence, the time and resources needed to care for these patients can interfere with the course of somatic treatment and influence the patient-caregiver relationship.
The caregiver-level characteristics comprised the caregiver's years of completed education, the reported quality of the child-caregiver relationship, and the level of reported happiness on a ten-point Likert scale in which higher scores indicate greater happiness.
Models 2 and 5 add household- and caregiver-level characteristics (caregiver's education, living and housing conditions, number of children, child-caregiver relationship, and caregiver's happiness status. Models 3 and 6 add the region indicator * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.
Nevertheless, because caregivers' reports may reflect subjective worries that may lead to inflated perceptions of a child's health, our analysis also controls for the caregiver's self-assessed level of happiness on a ten-point Likert scale (Vanore, 2015) and for the quality of the child-caregiver relationship, as reported by the caregiver (Jordan & Graham, 2012).
Basic trust is a broader concept than attachment in that it extends beyond the infant-caregiver relationship to "...the wider social network of trustable and caring others".
