It became a key source of profits, growing almost twice as fast as the company as a whole and expanding into every conceivable market: consumer lending, credit cards, equipment leasing, commercial real estate, auto loans, leveraged buyouts, even subprime mortgages.
The record of IBM punch-card equipment is one illustration.
Early Punched Card Equipment, 1880-1951, Emerson W. Pugh and Lars Heide, IEEE Global History Network Significant Technological Achievement Recognition Selections (STARS).
For earlier sorters and other punched-card equipment, see the plates from the Baehne book (1935).
Grosch, H.R.J., "Ray Tracing on IBM Punched Card Equipment", Journal of the Optical Society of America, Vol.35, 803A (1945).
In Pueblo, Colorado, in 1980, suspicions about the vote-counting on punch-card equipment led to an investigation by a computer expert, but nothing was proved.
This is a situation in which the evidence is clear and undisputed that there are voter errors and machine errors that create this undervote in punch-card equipment.
The closest parallel is Chicago, which adopted a rule in 2001 that required credit card equipment in all taxicabs by 2002, but technological obstacles delayed the start-up.
An existing pilot program in New York City in which several hundred cabs have credit card equipment is plagued with problems, he added.
As for what riders will get in return, the commission hopes to have the credit card equipment installed in all cabs by November 2005, an optimistic schedule that even Mr. Daus acknowledged yesterday was "aggressive".
An illustration of the application of punch card equipment in problems of industry arises in the design and construction of ships, where it is necessary to specify the exact locations of a large number of points on the surface.
