In all subjects, cardiac chamber quantification by 2D echocardiography was performed according to the American Society of Echocardiography guidelines [ 26].
In all patients and control subjects, cardiac chamber quantification by 2D echocardiography was performed according to guidelines provided by the American Society of Echocardiography [ 25].
To minimize trauma to the subjects for this proof of concept study, we did not insert intra-arterial catheters for sampling of blood gases, nor for cardiac output quantification.
Reference values according to the recommendations for cardiac chamber quantification by the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging are displayed in table 1. 15 In addition, TTE also predicts the presence of residual TR post surgery.
The advantages of three-dimensional (3D) imaging over two-dimensional (2D) imaging has been well described in the most recent societal guidelines: "Recommendations for cardiac chamber quantification by echocardiography in adults" update and "Recommendations for image acquisition and display using 3D echocardiography".
Masson's Trichrome staining was used to study histopathology of cardiac myocytes and quantification of fibrosis was assessed.
Regarding cardiac imaging, iodine quantification promises to add information about myocardial blood supply to the analysis of the coronary artery morphology [24, 25].
However, it suffers from slice misregistration and therefore has limited accuracy in cardiac chamber volume quantification.
Continuous cardiac monitoring and quantification of troponin T provided little evidence for a primary cardiotoxic effect of dimethoate.
Homogenization of cardiac tissue, protein quantification, sample preparation (40 μg per lane) and electrophoresis were performed as previously described [ 14].
