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In patients with less severe disease, congestive symptoms at rest are minimal because of decreased cardiac load associated with inactivity.
Epidural anesthesia was administered to protect the thoracic wound site and reduce the cardiac load.
Severe cardiac load increases circulating concentrations of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) through non-ischemic mechanisms.
Although there is no consensus on the delivery methods in such cases, epidural analgesia during labor was useful in reducing cardiac load and wound traction.
Epidural analgesia inhibits pain during delivery and reduces endogenous catecholamines and peripheral vascular resistance, leading to a decrease in cardiac load [11, 12].
When cardiac load is increased by leg elevation, however, use of the Frank-Starling mechanism is enhanced in open chest-open pericardium conditions.
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Cardiac loading conditions change with the breathing cycle, and, as a consequence, the measured stroke volume differs.
Introduction: In the perioperative arena, pronounced changes in cardiac loading conditions can make assessment of diastolic parameters difficult.
The recent generation of transgenic models with overexpression of NOS3 restricted to the cardiac myocyte has enabled a unique appreciation of the ability of NO to modulate cardiac muscle, independent of changes in cardiac loading conditions.
Heart weight/body weight and plasma BNP concentration were both higher in operation group compared to the other two groups, indicating progressive ventricular remodeling and elevated cardiac loading.
Nox4 is also induced by other stresses such as cardiac load-induced stress and by inflammatory mediators via the NF-κB pathways and in the former system has been shown to exert a beneficial effect, in contrast to the detrimental effect of Nox2 induction.
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