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Carcinogenicity testing is indispensable for identifying environmental carcinogens and for evaluating the safety of drugs in the process of development.
There is general agreement in the scientific community on the need to improve carcinogenicity testing and the assessment of human carcinogenic risk and to incorporate more information on mechanisms and modes of action into the risk assessment process.
The use of two rodent species in carcinogenicity testing is especially important for identifying transspecies carcinogens.
In the context of carcinogenicity testing, the ability of short-term bioassays to detect genotoxic or mutagenic carcinogens is well established.
The approaches used by entities well-known for carcinogenicity testing and/or guideline development are discussed.
OECD protocols serve as good standard models for carcinogenicity testing protocol design.
Similar(24)
Two Chinese studies indicated that organic extracts of suspended particulates were carcinogenic in two-stage skin carcinogenicity test [22], [23].
We also conclude that the SD rat strain used is a standard organism for toxicity and carcinogenicity tests.
It focuses on the replacement of long-term carcinogenicity tests in rodents (especially mice) with shorter-term tests involving genetically-engineered mice (GEM).
Chronic oral toxicity and carcinogenicity tests are described in "OECD Environment, Health and Safety Publications Series on Testing and Assessment No 35 Guidance Notes for Analysis and Evaluation of Chronic Toxicity and Carcinogenicity Studies [55].
These additional studies were selected for their methodological criteria being similar to the Séralini study, e.g. a duration of 12 months or longer, using SD rats and performing toxicology sometimes in combination with carcinogenicity tests. .
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