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Oxygen was used as the sweep gas in one- and two-pass configurations to facilitate carbon dioxide transfer across the membrane.
Finally, important future trends as online measuring techniques, for example, oxygen and carbon dioxide transfer rate, optical density, pH, and dissolved oxygen tension as well as systems for fed-batch and continuous operation of shaken bioreactors are described.
Although these measurements usually over-simplify the actual situation as they do not consider the effect of liquid-phase pH and oxygen and carbon dioxide transfer limitations.
Samples were taken when the fermentation reached the steady state, defined by constant values of carbon dioxide transfer rate (CTR), oxygen transfer rate (OTR) and biomass concentration.
Decreasing of the gas liquid interface decreases the rate of carbon dioxide transfer from gas phase to liquid, therefore, decreases the conversion of this component in the gas phase.
This sea of supercritical carbon dioxide transfer heats very efficiently, buffering the temperature changes between night and day (which last 56 terrestrial days).
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At constant operating conditions (e.g., pH, temperature), the portion of carbon dioxide transferring into the carrier gas is highly linear (R = 0.999) with the concentration of dissolved gas in the aqueous feed [ 24].
The effect of anaemia can be attributed to the fact that fewer haemoglobin molecules are available to absorb the excess carbon dioxide transferred to arterialized blood via shunted blood.
Carbon Dioxide Transport.
Five in vitro blood tests were conducted using a single-pass technique to evaluate O2 and carbon dioxide (CO2) transfer rates, measure pressure losses, and compare predicted and measured O2 transfer rates.
If the morphology of MCFC cathodes can be significantly improved to remove oxygen and carbon dioxide mass transfer hindrance, or if pressurised cells are used in which O2 and CO2 partial pressures exceed 0.25 bar even for lean gases, the less volatile and more conductive the Li/Na carbonate melt will be a superior alternative to the Li/K carbonate eutectic as an MCFC electrolyte.
More suggestions(16)
carbon dioxide transmission
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carbon unit transfer
carbon dioxide output
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carbon dioxide evolution
carbon dioxide nitrogen
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carbon nanotube transfer
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carbon dioxide production
carbon mass transfer
carbon atom transfer
carbon paper transfer
carbon dioxide tension
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