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The second model, with the spatially structured random effect was: (2) Logit P ijt = α + β x jt + C i δt + u j where u j is the spatially structured random effect with a conditional autoregressive (CAR) structure.
This chapter focuses on the main load conditions that act on a typical passenger car structure.
They permit decelerating with the car rather than free flight into the car structure or into the air.
Air bags burst from their locations and inflate to a position between occupants and the car structure in less than one-tenth of a second.
Subsequently input power to a stiffener in a railway car structure is calculated and compared with an in situ measurement, showing a fair agreement.
Improving production material efficiency to 70% would reduce the embodied emissions and material costs of the sheet metal car structure by 26% and 24% respectively.
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Optimization of car structures is of great interest to the automotive industry.
The structures of different sedan passenger car structures vary according to size, vehicle layout and type and to the particular design and assembly methods of different manufacturers.
Modular construction techniques, simplifying the adaptation of a car body to different interior layouts and furniture, has encouraged railroads to standardize basic car structures for a variety of service requirements.
These unique features promote the versatility of CAR structures (Fig. 3); for instance, several second-generation CD19-specific CARs are being tested in clinical trials.
For composite materials, reducing stress concentration in joints is crucial, and dissimilar materials joining with metals is also ineluctable to fabricate real car structures.
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