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Consequently, phages cause biofilm and capsule disruption by cell infection and lysis, as well as by EPS degradation.
Even though some surface modification due to the tip scan activity can be observed, seen in sporadic horizontal prolongations of the fibers accordingly with the horizontal tip scan movements, the main cause of the capsule disruption seems to be water loss.
Despite the limitations of the study, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of SEM finding of anterior lens capsule disruption in a phacolytic glaucoma patient, and this finding may be helpful to better understand the mechanism underlying phacolytic glaucoma and lens particle glaucoma.
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Focal capsule disruptions appear to result from focal degenerative alterations in the constitutional elements of the epithelial capsule.
Here, we report a case of phacolytic glaucoma with anterior lens capsule disruptions visualized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
As shown in Figure 10, clusters of multiple Ki-67 expressing cells are exclusively seen at the site of focal capsule disruptions.
Here, we present a case of phacolytic glaucoma in which anterior lens capsule disruptions were identified by SEM and that was successfully treated.
Elevated expression of stem cell markers in pre-invasive tumors with extensive focal capsule disruptions and immune cell infiltration suggests that focal capsule disruptions and immune cell infiltration may stimulate or facilitate the exit of stem cells from quiescence, allowing the stem cells to undergo proliferation and invasion into the adjacent stroma or vascular structures.
Our qRT-PCR results revealed that microdissected luminal cells overlying focal capsule disruptions have significantly higher expression levels of four stem cell markers (CD133, ly6E, Nanog, Sox 2), which were 6-, 4-, 2- and 6-fold higher, respectively, than their undisrupted counterparts at a distance from the site of focal capsule disruptions.
In normal or hyperplastic epithelial structures with a focally disrupted epithelial capsule, a majority of infiltrating immune cells was located on or near the site of focal capsule disruptions.
The predominant type of infiltrating immune cells associated with focal capsule disruptions appears to be CTL, which can be easily recognized by their morphology and immunoreactivities to the anti-CD8 antibody.
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