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The GDP per capita variable also does not reach statistical significance, since the difference in reform trends between developed and developing economies is likely to be captured by the inclusion of the regional dummies (not reported in the table).
As with Cole and Elliott (2003), we cannot separate the scale and technique effects, because income per capita (variable I) is a proxy variable for both the scale and income level.
Economic factors are also controlled by using the GDP per capita variable.
Although the linear income per capita variable is insignificant, the quadratic transformation is significant and in the predicted negative direction.
Similarly, the GDP per capita variable is negative and significant across all models, which suggests lower child mortality rates with higher levels of GDP per capita [ p < 0.001].
Some of these factors, such as availability of drugs, supplies, facilities, ambulances, roads and electricity, are at least partly captured by the GDP per capita variable that was significant in two of the analyses (use of skilled birth attendants and caesarean section).
Similar(54)
And, second, all per capita variables grow at the same rate.
Given that the economy grows over time, and in order to solve the model numerically, per capita variables must be redefined relative to some variable that grows at the same rate so that the ratios along the balanced-growth path remain constant.
Monthly income and expenditures were then divided by household size to generate "per capita" variables.
The dependent variables and the per capita GDP variable were log transformed as the original data are skewed to the right.
The per capita income variable is not statistically significant for either cigarettes or alcohol.
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