"The per-capita number of patents dropped by 53%, while the per-capita formation of university-backed startup companies plunged by 67%, the researchers report.
The per capita rate of business formation in the U.S. is higher than in any industrialized country except Israel.
Based on the insights of the theoretical model, the explanatory variables in the latter equation are factors that explain the prominence of an agricultural-based rather than a modern economy: arable land per capita, gross fixed capital formation as a percentage of GDP, agricultural value added as a share of GDP and the small island developing states dummy.
Insofar as I know, how downgrade recycling affects price formation and per capita consumption has not been explored in a growing economy so far.
A strong correlation between swarm size and mating success was observed, and consistent with the hotspot model of lek formation, the per capita mating success of individual males did not increase with swarm size.
Growth of GDP per capita is a function of capital formation, export growth and trade partner growth.
The WDI variables for each country are real GDP per capita growth (annual %); real GDP per capita in 1990; gross capital formation (annual % growth); exports of goods and services (annual % growth); and agricultural raw materials exports, food exports, fuel exports, ore and mineral exports and manufactured exports (each as % of merchandise exports).
Instruments are the constant, GDP per capita in 1990, employment in industry, arable land per capita, gross fixed capital formation, openness, population growth, agricultural value added, political stability, dummy for small island developing states, primary school enrolment, secondary school enrolment and land area.
To be sustained, the rise of per capita real income must be accompanied by changes in the economic and social structures of society, increase in total investment (capital formation), higher productivity, and full employment.
If an individual has a 10% chance only (d = 0.1) of becoming the reproductive, the per capita success of groups must be five times that of solitary individuals (E skew > 5· E solitary ) to make group formation profitable.
