Capacity utilization, which measures how close to full output factories, mines and utilities are operating, fell to 81.6percentt from 82.1percentt.
State regulators emphasized the need for excess generation capacity, guaranteeing utilities a predictable rate of profit, and they guided utilities to buy or generate power from varied fuels.
Net real government investment in infrastructure and other forms of productive capacity, including utilities, schools and hospitals, also remains at depressed levels, down 86 percent in 2012 from its 2009 peak.
With natural-gas prices high and many nuclear power plants operating at maximum capacity, electric utilities are using more coal.
Both flow rates and water levels vary over time, and this variability has a significant impact on the generation capacity of utilities.
A sensitivity analysis using these models allows for the identification of strategies for THM reduction in distribution systems as well as an estimation of the capacity of utilities to comply with current and future regulations.
But they also sell capacity: each utility that serves customers has to go into the wholesale market and buy not only energy but the actual availability of generation.
Further, we investigate how the shared spectrum ratio affects cell capacity and utility.
The 'Without IM' scheme shows the lowest cell capacity and utility because of severe cross-tier interference.
Studying this heuristic under various traffic assumptions shows that our context-aware scheduler can support three times the load of proportional fair scheduling, at equal capacity and utility.
However, the fixed spectrum partitioning scheme with the ratios of ν s = 0.5 and 0.9 has lower cell capacity and utility compared to our schemes.
