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However, the "vulnerability" characteristic that is usually considered to be "incapacity or limited capacity of consent" may in fact be a necessary, but not solely sufficient, condition for defining vulnerability status [ 24].
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Participants were recruited following informed consent or on the basis of a relative's agreement in case of lack of capacity for consent due to dementia.
The aim of the present study was (i) to identify the prevalence of patients lacking of capacity to consent to treatment within the first 72 hours of admission to a general internal medicine ward of a university hospital and (ii) to compare a standardized assessment by means of the Silberfeld questionnaire with the assessment by a multidisciplinary medical team or by a senior psychiatrist.
The sensitivity and specificity of the various evaluations of capacity to consent to treatment are shown in Table 2. Disagreement among the medical team was observed for 22 patients (14% of the sample), with half of them (n = 11) considered as incapable of consenting to treatment by the psychiatrist.
This relates to the societal perception of a young person's capacity of giving consent to a sexual act, which is different from showing biological signs associated with puberty (Silverman et al. 2002, Thomas 2005).
If cognitive enhancement may be considered a new technology with potentially hazardous effects for those engaging in it, the state may require users to prove adequate knowledge of the enhancer by passing a test and acquiring a license, allowing for the capacity of informed consent.
No patients were excluded because of cognitive impairment or lack of capacity to consent to research.
Recruiters talk through this material in Xhosa with participants and then evaluate participants' level of understanding of the study using the University of California, San Diego Brief Assessment of Capacity to Consent questionnaire (UBACC) [ 14].
GAF: Global assessment of functioning; UBACC University off California, San Diego brief assessment of capacity to consent; DAI: Drug attitude inventory; SMS: Short messaging service.
She was also supervised for the first evaluation by an experienced liaison psychiatrist (FS) who participated in the development of the local guidelines for the assessment of capacity to consent.
Other studies from developed countries have contended with problems of subject's therapeutic misconception, voluntariness and measurement of capacity to consent during biomedical research and clinical trials [ 51, 56- 58].
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