At 1/100 dilution, all samples had potent neutralizing activities capable of neutralizing at least 60% of input virion, with median level activities larger than 95% (Fig. 2C).
A major roadblock in generating an effective HIV-1 vaccine has been the inability to elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs), capable of neutralizing a diverse variety of HIV-1 primary isolates, either during acute HIV-1 infections, or after immunization with various HIV-1 envelope (Env) immunogens [1] [4].
Studies of co-crystalized antibodies and proteins have facilitated the identification of some targets of broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (NmAbs) capable of neutralizing many or most heterologous viruses; however, the ontogeny of these antibodies in vivo remains elusive.
The vast majority of all sera tested, including 11 out of 12 (92%) from the HVTN 041 study, 10 out of 12 sera (83%) from the HVTN 203 study, and 20 out of 21 955%) from the DP6-001 study, were capable of neutralizing SF162, a primary isolate highly sensitive to neutralization (Fig 1A).
Belimumab has no APRIL-neutralizing capacity, whereas atacicept is fully capable of neutralizing APRIL.
Further characterization of these scFvs revealed that only scFv2 was capable of neutralizing the ZIM/7/83 virus and was used to generate neutralization-resistant virus variants.
It is unclear whether subtype C-based vaccines are capable of neutralizing CRF_BC viruses or can be evaluated using a neutralization assay based on CRF_BC pseudoviruses.
Consistent with previous reports [12], [14], [15], the sera from HVTN 041 and HVTN 203 trials were, for the most part, only capable of neutralizing sensitive isolates of HIV-1, whereas sera from the DP6-001 displayed neutralization activities against more resistant isolates.
Hognose snakes live chiefly on toads and are capable of neutralizing the toad's poisonous skin secretions physiologically.
Far from discouraging investment in carbon capture and storage technology capable of neutralizing greenhouse gas emissions from coal-based power plants, the United States should assert global leadership in accelerating this vital antidote to climate concerns.
Antitoxin, antibody, formed in the body by the introduction of a bacterial poison, or toxin, and capable of neutralizing the toxin.
