He is selling a canopy state bed that he compares to "an opera".
It is also now known how long it takes for these treatments to become effective in terms of surface and shallow landslide erosion, which is largely a function of when trees reach a closed canopy state (Marden, 2004, 2012; Marden et al., 2012).
This study provides further evidence that lidar is better suited for biomass estimation, per se, while the best use of hyperspectral data may be to refine biomass predictions through a priori species stratification, while also providing information on canopy state, such as stress.
Ecophysiological models that vertically resolve vegetation canopy states are becoming a powerful tool for studying the exchange of mass, energy, and momentum between the land surface and the atmosphere.
The habitat shift (i.e. the hysteresis effect) was evident from clearing and transplantation experiments, which demonstrated that increased substratum stability is essential but not sufficient to return to a canopy dominated state, and that for recovery to occur removal of the new dominant space occupiers is also required.
These additional site-specific inputs (see Fig. 3) are used to better characterize key elements of the fire environment such as slope and aspect, moisture content of live fuels in the forest canopy, and curing state of grass fuels.
"Mechanical harvesting is the biggest change in the Florida citrus industry since we switched to aluminum ladders," said Will Elliott, general manager of Coe-Collier Citrus Harvesting, one of seven commercial contractors that are shaking trunks and brushing canopies around the state.
Recurrent fires have been viewed as exogenous disturbances that maintain savanna ecosystems as a sub-climax, blocking succession to an equilibrium steady state (closed-canopy forests).
Foliage dynamics: the emergence, growth, death and fall of leaves, determine the temporal dynamics of canopies, and are clearly a major determinant of the state of deciduous canopies, where the whole population of leaves on trees grows and is lost each growing season.
A series of three 40-foot-tall site-specific bronze trees created specifically for the park will be on view on its central lawn from Sept. 26 to Feb. 9. "Fall makes sense because you can see the park's changing landscape from its full canopy through to its winter state," said Debbie Landau, director of the nonprofit Madison Square Park Conservancy, which arranges cultural programming for the park.
This camera NDVI thus provides different information about the state of the canopy than can be obtained using only visible-wavelength imagery.
