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Conifers were apparently the dominant canopy plants, with an understory of ferns, tree ferns, and angiosperms.
Conifers were apparently the dominant canopy plants, with an understory of ferns, tree ferns, and flowering plants.
Bird-dispersal that originates in M. polymorpha may result in higher germination rates if the seeds are deposited within the canopy (plants that grow epiphytically are protected from introduced mammalian herbivores; Drake and Pratt 2001), or under the canopy, which could shade out introduced grasses and forbs, thus reducing competition for resources (Cordell et al. 2009).
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One method that has been shown over a number of years to be useful for monitoring some insect outbreaks is to measure the light reflected by the infested canopy, plant, or leaf.
This finding can be supported by the Harrington et al. (2003) who initiated a research to determine the separate effects of above and below ground competition and needlefall from overstorey pines on below canopy plant performance and found that depending on species the effects of needle fall were positive, negative, or negligible.
QTL in Hort5-1 also controlled the plant architecture traits canopy density, plant habit, plant height, plant width, plant shape, and plant size (Table 4).
This suggests that Diplodocus fed off low-lying vegetation while Camarasaurus ate upper-canopy plants.
Site-level per cent cover (m/ha) of canopy, understory plants and ground cover and the extent of fruiting (proportion of plant surface area) were calculated by averaging values across the eight vegetation plots at each site.
Canopy density, plant height and plant flexibility were critical for determining the hydrodynamics throughout the canopy and in the gap.
Of the 34 horticultural trait QTL mapped, 29 were stably expressed over multiple environments, including QTL for maturity (DAP50 only), fruit size and shape, Brix, acidity, canopy density, plant habit, and plant size and shape.
Similarly, the Hort5-2 QTL and the Hort5-4 QTL for fruit shape, Brix, canopy density, plant width, and plant shape are likely to be linked, not pleiotropic, to LFRes5-2 and STRes5-2.
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