This enhancement greatly facilitates comparisons at both the plot and county scales, especially in fragmented canopy landscapes that are common throughout the eastern United States.
Historical records depict a predominantly open-canopy landscape dominated by large ponderosa pine.
Using the physiological reflectance index (PRI), we were able to detect stress at both the canopy and landscape level.
Most important, the relative impact of tissue, canopy, and landscape factors on pixel-level reflectance shifted with plant composition and phenology.
Using field measurements and a photon transport model, we quantified the absolute and relative importance of tissue, canopy, and landscape factors that drive pixel-level shortwave reflectance variation along a land-cover gradient in the Chihuahuan Desert, New Mexico.
The results indicate that across all fires, the RdNBR-derived model did not estimate burn severity more accurately than dNBR (65.2% versus 70.2% classification accuracy, respectively) nor in the heterogeneous and low canopy cover landscapes.
They are canopy-forming, landscape-dominant seaweeds, and we were interested in their effects on the underlying communities of meiobenthos and macrobenthos, separated in two size fractions through sieving.
We measured trees representing the full range of ages, stand densities, canopy conditions and landscape positions.
Airborne LiDAR data, acquired in July 2010, measured the vertical and horizontal structure of canopy material and landscape patterning of canopy patches and gaps.
This variability at the canopy, field and landscape scale, makes it very challenging for quantifying spatially-distributed surface fluxes.
In such conditions, airborne laser scanning (ALS) provides means for efficient and accurate mapping of both land and landscape canopy surfaces.
