"It's a nearly impossible design problem: a temporary pavilion where 4,000 to 6,000 people can dance safely, even though most of them are drunk," said Alanna Heiss, executive director of P.S. 1. "Canopy" includes a gentle dune, a knee-deep pool made of bright green foam contoured for half-submerged seating, and a ring of nozzles that spray bystanders with a cool mist.
In mixed-species forests of complex structure, the delineation of tree crowns is problematic because of their varying dimensions and reflectance characteristics, the existence of several layers of canopy (including understorey), and shadowing within and between crowns.
During the night of the sleep studies, EE was measured with a metabolic cart (indirect calorimetry with canopy), including basal metabolic rate (BMR), mean sleep EE, lowest sleep EE, ratios of mean sleep EE/BMR, and lowest sleep EE/BMR.
The canopy included louvre ventilation.
Other species that make up the middle canopy include Bandordima (Dysoxylum procerum), Dhuna (Conarium resiniferum), Bhomora (Terminalia belerica), Ful Gomari (Gmelina sp).
Other species found in the top canopy include Sam (Artocarps chaplasha), Amari (Amoora wallichi), Sopas (Mcheliai spp ., Bhelu (Tetramels mudiflora), Udal (Sterculia villosa) and Hingori (Castanopsis spp .. Nahar (Mesua ferrea) dominates the middle canopy with its spreading crown, casting fairly heavy shade over a wide area.
Similarly, "hok" calls were almost exclusively associated with the presence of a crowned eagle (either a real eagle attack or in response to another monkey's eagle alarm calls), while "hok-oo" calls were given to a range of disturbances within the canopy, including the presence of an eagle or a neighbouring group (whose presence could sometimes be inferred by the vocal behaviour of the females).
Candidate vectors for movement into the canopy include two monkey species: Mantled Howler Monkey (Alouatta palliata) and Black Spider Monkey (Ateles geoffroyi panamensis).
In addition to foraging for honeydew in trees, wood ant colonies also hunt and scavenge for arthropods in the canopy, including a large proportion of their protein intake from feeding on the aphids themselves (Cherix 1987; Robinson et al. 2008).
Part of the plan is to remove five canopies, including two residential canopies, between Amsterdam and West End Avenues.
This model may also be applied to other dense plant canopies including forests.
