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Specimens from patients were diagnosed histopathologically and staged according to the TNM-International Union against Cancer classification system.
This was necessary for both a widely accepted cancer classification system and for standardizing anticancer therapy over the past half century.
In detail: for patients with colorectal or other gastrointestinal cancers, breast and lung cancer we have used the Union international contre le cancer classification system [ 29].
Microarray-based gene expression profiling has provided new insight into the molecular intricacy of breast cancer and has provided a clinically valuable breast cancer classification system [ 3- 5].
Nevertheless, a more refined breast cancer classification system has been developed over the past 15 years, integrating information based on gene expression arrays.
EDRN, an NCI funded cancer biomarker research organization, contains a cancer classification system that applies organ level terms, sub-organ level terms and pathology level categories to specific cancer types.
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These technologies were originally hailed as more objective, comprehensive replacements for traditional histopathological cancer classification systems, based on microscopic morphology.
Integrative approaches combining genetic, transcriptomic, and proteomic information are likely to lead to breast cancer classification systems that better reflect the biology of the disease, and are more clinically relevant [ 1].
To date, staging classification of gastric cancers has been performed by the International Union against Cancer (UICC /TNM classification system [ 1] and the general rules of the Japanese classification of gastric carcinoma edited by Japanese Gastric Cancer Association [ 2].
The Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) classification system is used worldwide, and takes into account all these variables.
The staging of tumor was determined according to the TNM classification of Malignant Tumors/International Union Against Cancer (UICC) classification system, which is widely used in Korea [ 21].
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