Sentence examples for canal duct from inspiring English sources
Crucially, application of Noggin alongside FGF rescued the canal duct phenotype, suggesting that the promotion of canal duct outgrowth by FGF is mediated through Bmp2.
The absence of canal duct tissue in adult fish led us to examine otic development in rescued swr mutants at embryonic and early larval stages.
Despite differences in the early stages of semicircular canal formation between zebrafish and amniotes, the role of Bmp2 in semicircular canal duct outgrowth is likely to be conserved between different vertebrate species.
alk8 codes for a type 1 BMP receptor, through which Bmp2b and other BMPs act; the similar behavioural phenotype in rescued swr/bmp2b and laf/alk8 fish suggests that semicircular canal duct outgrowth requires BMP signalling through Alk8.
Ectopic FGF treatments resulted in ectopic Bmp2 expression and a failure of resorption at the canal fusion plate (and thus excess canal duct tissue), while reduced FGF signalling resulted in reduced Bmp2 expression and a lack of semicircular canal ducts, although the crus commune and some ampullae were still formed [5].
The semicircular canal duct (SCCD) epithelium has been shown to secrete Cl- under β2-adrenergic stimulation.
The reconstructions confirmed that all three rescued swr specimens (five ears examined) lacked semicircular canal ducts.
Analysis of the inner ears of these fish reveals a total absence of semicircular canal ducts, structures involved in the detection of angular motion.
Although ampullae and cristae are present in the ears of rescued swr adults, the associated non-sensory epithelium forming the semicircular canal ducts is absent.
Examination of these sections indicated that the semicircular canal ducts were absent in all six rescued swr mutant specimens (Fig. 1).
This work clearly demonstrates an important role for Bmp4 in semicircular canal and crista development, with the most severely affected embryos having no canal ducts or cristae together with malformed saccules and utricles [15].
