A laboratory study has already shown that prezygotic isolation can evolve quickly between Saccharomyces in direct response to selection against hybrids [ 16].
The continuous-time Markov character model assumes trait states can evolve repeatedly between their possible states at any branch of the phylogenetic tree [ 55, 56] and constructs the ancestral trait at each internal node.
I find that a non-costly honest signaling equilibrium can evolve when relatedness between siblings is above a certain threshold.
Prosocial behaviors can evolve by a process of between-group selection, as long as this process is stronger than the opposing process of within-group selection.
Because piRNA populations can evolve rapidly within and between species, mRNA regulation by piRNAs would also change rapidly, thereby providing a potential basis for adaptative responses.
Thus, we hypothesize that chromatin diminution is a mechanism that controls repeat element load, and that this load can evolve to be divergent between tissue types within single organisms.
Organisms, populations and even species can be FUEs, and over their own appropriate time scales are every bit as much "fundamental units of life" as are genes, while all sorts of entities in between can "evolve coherently for a certain time span".
Thus, we hypothesize that chromatin diminution is a mechanism that controls repeat element load, and that this load can evolve to be highly divergent between tissue types within single organisms.
High modularity between traits is generally thought to increase evolvability, as the traits can evolve independently (Wagner and Altenberg 1996).
