Wetting studies shows that surfaces of these SAMs are stable for months, thus providing stable model surfaces that can be engineered at the molecular level.
It has been proven in full scale experiments that advanced nuclear reactor designs can be engineered so that they remain within all safety limitations during even the most extreme accident scenarios.
Several decades of research have elucidated the main biosynthetic routes toward the monolignols and demonstrated that lignin amounts can be engineered and that plants can cope with large shifts in p-hydroxyphenyl/guaiacyl/syringyl (H/G/S) lignin compositional ratios.
A proposal leading to selfdual solutions with Q=1 topological charge (the equivalent of the regular BPST ansatz) can be engineered, but in that case the gauge field and the curvature are not Hermitian (although the resulting Lagrangian is real).
Because nanoparticles can be engineered from components that (1) recognize disease at the cellular level, (2) are visible on imaging studies, and (3) deliver therapeutic compounds, nanotechnology is well suited for the diagnosis and treatment of a variety of diseases.
Importantly, β-lactamases can be engineered so that the fluorescein cephalosporin conjugate remains linked covalently to the protein, a fluorogenic labeling reaction that is orthogonal to mammalian biochemistry.
However, in metamaterials, which are typically made of small blocks of materials (such as blocks of metal) as "inclusions" embedded in host media, we consider other level of arrangements, which can be engineered such that when the light illuminates them, the entire bulk of this structure may behave in a way that is very different from how each individual block and the host behaves.
Alternatively, they can be engineered materials that only mimic some of the properties of cells, such as surface characteristics, shapes, morphology, or a few specific functions.
