RCAN1 not only can repress NFAT signaling pathway via inhibition of calcineurin, but also can be activated by activators of calcineurin NFAT pathway such as calcium ionophore, VEGF, angiotensin II, TNF- α and so on, thereby forming a negative feedback loop in RCAN1 gene regulation.
However, antisense RNAs may act on transcription termination, translation, mRNA degradation and can be activators and/or repressors.
LuxR regulators, like AbyH can be activators or repressors, which, acting through a quorum sensing mechanism, induce transcription when a certain cell density is reached.
A total of five abiotic stress types, i.e. heat, cold, NaCl, PEG and H2O2, which all can be activators of MAPK cascade pathway were tested in this study.
These regulated reactions corresponded to a set of signed relationships between substrates and products and regulators of reactions, that can be activators (positive effects), inhibitors (negative effects) or modulators (i.e., regulating a reaction with an unknown sign).
Such as described by Georlette et al., we found that the involvement of dREAM complex members are not equivalent: some members can be activators for a specific target, whereas others are repressors or are not involved in transcriptional regulation of this target.
The fundamental task of thrombolytic therapy is the degradation of fibrin by plasmin, which can be activated by the activators from inactive plasminogen.
Plasmin is derived from plasminogen, an inert protein precursor that can be activated by tissue plasminogen activator.
Plasminogen can be activated by either urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) or tissue plasminogen activator (tPA).
Ni and Zn also contribute to ribosomal conformation [ 18] and serve as enzyme activators, i.g., arginase can be activated by either Zn or Ni [ 19].
