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Moreover, for 34 cows with incomplete calving data, an approximate calving date was calculated for estimation of the milk yield in the latest 305 day-period.
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There were no differences between days open, days to first AI, days to last AI between conventional and organic cows (Table 2). 1 For one conventional and three organic cows that calved data was missing for breeding management and days open.
The outcome was evaluated during 120 days after calving using data on SCC and daily milk yield at monthly milk recordings, and incidence of mastitis due to S. aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci, streptococci and coliforms.
Rectal body temperature was higher (P < 0.01) for away calves than near calves (data not shown).
Pairwise LD, measured as squared correlation coefficient r (Hill and Robertson, 1968), was calculated in GenABEL (Aulchenko et al., 2007) for the non-introgressed European calves (data set 3).
Principal component analyses were applied on the full study population and reference breeds (data set 1) and the non-European introgressed calves (data set 3) using adegenet v 1.3.1 (Jombart, 2008) to read the data files into R and ade4 genetic package to calculate the principal components and eigenvalues (Dray and Dufour, 2007).
The results were correlated to herd data and to calving and health data for each cow from the Norwegian Dairy Herd Recording System and the Norwegian Cattle Health Recording System.
The first objective was to correlate calving sex-ratio data from semen lots with the semen sex ratio obtained by two duplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR)/gel electrophoresis techniques.
Routinely used fertility traits are mainly based on calving and insemination data.
Nevertheless, the cumulative t-link model was decisively chosen as the better fitting model for this calving ease data using DIC and PBF.
Data regarding calving rate was calculated based on the number of calves born alive per cow in in the herd one year prior to the interview.
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