Since such a mathematical model characterizes the constitution of the tissue, it is also called a constitutive formulation.
In this study, we understand as a microscopic model a description as a stochastic process, usually a Markov chain model, also called a master equation formulation (cf. [3, 5, 8, 9, 22] containing various master equation formulations of neural dynamics).
This model is called a radiosity model, and its formulation is very similar to the one used in global illumination problems.
"La petite rain forest," Maureen has taken to calling it, a formulation that carries the whiff of cultural snobbery (Pepe would say pequeña).
If there is no limit to how many particles or photons you can put into a quantum system, that means the cat really is both dead and alive at once, and the act of measuring its state makes the mathematical formulation that describes it (called a wave function) "collapse" into a definite state, alive or dead.
Mr. Cornelius called that formulation a potential "newer and improved" version of Erbitux.
Then, a module called query formulation can intelligently compose queries that can potentially identify the article from the web and send the queries to a search engine.
The framework consists of a new formulation, called the X-formulation, for single-energy density calculation based on the solution of sparse linear systems, and a projection-based nonlinear model order reduction (MOR) approach to address the large number of energy points required for large applied biases.
When attempting to design multiplex PCR assays with high coverage, we observe a similar computational behavior on simulations using a novel graph formulation we call a multi-node graph (see Methods section).
The process exploits the so called "Lagrange Formulation" to develop a linear form of Equations of Motion w.r.t the system Inertia Parameters (IPs).
