Substantial recent research has examined the biological basis and efficacy of many types of CAM therapies but, despite calls for effectiveness-oriented research, "real-world" use of CAM remains understudied [ 14, 15].
Although national cancer control policies call for education, effectiveness of such programs is unclear and best practices are not well defined.
For most attending and working at urban schools serving black and Latino communities, the federal call for "teacher effectiveness" couldn't be a bigger distraction from what's really going on.
These promising findings call for additional effectiveness research to expand the evidence base regarding interventions that positively impact the nutrition environment and increase understanding of the association between the nutrition environment and food purchasing behaviors.
Researchers, providers, and funding bodies have called for more effectiveness trials to understand whether interventions produce effects under ecologically valid conditions, which factors predict program effectiveness, and what strategies are needed to successfully implement programs in practice settings.
8 Despite calls for robust effectiveness trials of telemonitoring in COPD, 9 five systematic reviews have reported inconclusive results.
Regarding skills or communication training, there is a call for comparing the cost-effectiveness of (potentially more expensive) simulated learning experiences to lower fidelity interventions (as potentially less expensive) [ 24], but to our knowledge there are no data at all on assessing cost-effectiveness of specific methods in skills or communication training as such.
We are aware of the fallacy of "proving" the null hypothesis of no effect, and so call for additional research to determine the effectiveness of the CPR as a clinical tool in predicting treatment responsiveness in lower back pain patients.
They also call for "deeper research" into the effectiveness (or not) of existing privacy laws such as the Child Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA), CIPA and FERPA, not to mention a flurry of state laws and seek to improve or modernize them.
Consequently, the latest UK guidelines on the management of COPD call for further research on the effectiveness of such physiotherapy techniques [ 5].
