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The axial MPR image (3-mm thickness) shows an eccentric calibre reduction of the left vertebral artery (arrow) >25%% (grade 2 lesion).
The axial MPR image (3-mm thickness) shows a slight irregularity in the posterior wall of the left internal carotid artery (arrow) responsible of a calibre reduction <25%% (grade I lesion).
The axial MIP reconstruction (c) (3-mm thickness) shows a lumen wall irregularity of the right internal carotid artery (arrow) responsible of a calibre reduction >25%% (grade II lesion); the lesion is better depicted on the sagittal MIP reconstruction d (5-mm thickness).
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Arteries exhibited thickened walls with fibrosis of the media, reduction in calibre, sometimes complete occlusion and, in places, reperfusion.
It has been postulated that with small airway diameters a small further reduction in calibre induced by a bronchoconstrictive agent produces a large increase in resistance as airway resistance is inversely proportional to the fourth power of the radius [ 35].
Universities would benefit from processing fewer applications, and from having more certainty over students' calibre and a potential dropout reduction.
In this model, perivascular drainage occurs mainly during periods of vasoconstriction, as a reduction in vessel calibre acts to "open" the perivascular spaces.
This association might either be due to an increased soluble antiangiogenic factor [ 15], or a congenital reduction in airways calibre and compliance in particular in infants with intrauterine growth restriction [ 16].
Overall, airway remodeling results in thickening of bronchial and bronchiolar walls, leading to reduction of airway calibre and fixed airflow limitation that is correlated with a progressive decline of respiratory function.
The increase in myofibre size during muscle regeneration seemed to be partially regulated by the β2-adrenoceptor, as demonstrated by a moderate reduction in the calibre of regenerating myofibres from β2KO mice at 10 days post-cryolesion, when compared to those from WT mice.
Transgenic mice expressing Charcot Marie Tooth disease-associated mutant forms of MFN2 develop motor deficits, associated with altered axonal mitochondrial density and a reduction of the axonal calibre size and number (Cartoni et al., 2010).
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