We show, for example, that single- and multi-layered models consistently predict similar changes in caliber and wall thickness, but multilayered models provide additional insight into other important metrics such as the residual stress related opening angle and the axial prestress, both of which are fundamental to arterial homeostasis and responses to injury or insult.
Measures of fractional anisotropy (FA) are considered to be overall measures of axonal integrity, reflecting either increased axonal caliber, increased myelin thickness, increased fiber coherence in a given direction, or some combination of these factors [11].
Airway hyperresponsiveness to MCh can reflect a reduced airway caliber, increased airway wall thickness, increased airway smooth muscle, and/or excess airway mucus production (Bates et al. 2008; Cockcroft and Davis 2006).
For example, studies examining axonal connectivity on the microscopic scale have suggested that axonal caliber, its ratio to thickness of the myelin sheet, as well as the distribution of axonal diameter across pathways play an important role in both the speed as well as the type of signal transferred between neurons (Schroder et al. 1988; Perge et al. 2009).
LV cavity diameter was obtained from 2-D images (Fig. 1b) and LV myocardial thickness was calibered using anatomical M-mode (Fig. 1c).
Also, any changes made inside the hull could be justified as meant to increase protection, even if the outcome meant increased speed or longer operational range, since the term "blister" had been specified to limit changes only outside the hull, such as main armor belt thickness and main gun caliber.
A combination of increased contractility/mass of the airway smooth muscle, increased airway wall thickness, and reduced airway caliber has been implicated in AHR.
For all zones of caliber, we found that right ventricular wall thickness was significantly greater among cases above the lower limit of the 95% CI index (Tables 3, 4, and 5).
This theoretical evaluation suggested that axon myelo-architectural design is represented in the biophysical properties of the axon itself, indicating that different caliber axons should have different optimized myelin sheath thicknesses.
To examine whether this "optimized" myelo-architectural design can also apply to other axon calibers, we solved for the optimized myelin sheath thickness corresponding to the typical range (0.5 4.0 µm) of inner diameters observed in central white matter [12].
Furthermore, choroidal thickness and morphology and evaluation of the caliber of dilated choroidal vessels can be evaluated with OCT [ 52].
