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Chondrocytes were isolated from the femoral-patellar groove of a 1 3 week old calf (Research 87, Marlboro, MA), as described elsewhere.
In a study by Lynn et al. (1998), 30.1% of 209 samples of cattle feed collected from 13 dairies, 1 calf research facility, and 4 feed mills were positive for E. coli; none of the samples were positive for E. coli O157 H7.
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The use of air sampling devices to measure the concentrations of airborne bacteria in clinical investigations and research trials in calf barns has indicated that traditional systems of ventilation are problematic in cold weather.
Animal behavior is frequently utilized to determine animal well-being or welfare [ 5], and previous research has examined calf behavior post-dehorning utilizing observational measurements of pain including head rubs, ear twitches, and tail flicks [ 6, 7].
Cartilage disks were harvested from the femoropatellar grooves of one- to two-week-old bovine calf knee joints (obtained from Research 87, Hopkinton, MA, USA) as previously described [ 29].
Often, research on the human spastic calf has been primarily focused on GM muscle belly (for review, see [ 6]).
However, in Maui waters our research has shown that mother-calf pairs make only minimal use of shoreline areas.
"I will not be surprised, though I will be excited, if we see a calf or two in Cape Cod Bay," said Dr. Mayo, whose research team tracks the animals in the bay.
Experimental research revealed that compound 5c could effectively intercalate into calf thymus DNA to form compound 5c DNA complex which might block DNA replication and thus exert antimicrobial activities.
Previous research has associated farm animal contact with outbreaks of Cryptosporidium; moreover, calf contact and lamb contact have been identified as risk factors for sporadic infection (6).
Over the years, our research interest has been partly focused on the pancreatic exocrine function in the calf (Bos taurus) [ 5, 6].
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