Those losses reflect calculations of the values of options when issued, calculations that are based on the Black-Scholes formula.
While generally espousing moderately liberal positions, they have done research and made calculations that are generally considered nonpartisan and are widely respected.
This needs-assessment should be based on simple, coherent and transparent calculations that are based around indicators of economic deprivation and health outcomes.
Using the balance-of-power calculations that are the mainstay of traditional European diplomacy, Europe worries that America is too strong, and wants to bring it down a notch.
The most widely discussed legislative measure would allow companies to use higher rates than they could in the past when making important pension calculations that are sensitive to interest rates.
Any error is very likely to be compounded, creating larger positioning errors, because the G.P.S. uses calculations that are based on signals sent from as many as four satellites.
They are also being applied to the demanding calculations that are needed to describe the replacement of one grouping of chemical bonds into another that takes place in the course of chemical reactions.
Since the 1980s, however, the advent of supercomputers with increased processing power has enabled theorists to make some progress in calculations that are based on a lattice of points in space-time.
The comments by Mr. Chemezov, a close ally of Prime Minister Vladimir V. Putin, reflected the business calculations that are a world away from the pain of the conflicts on the ground.
Because most advisers are focused on managing money or picking investments, they may not be able to do the right calculations that are flexible enough to accommodate changes in income.
The United States attorney's office in Boston is investigating Aventis sales to managed care organizations and whether those sales should have been included in the "best price" calculations that are used to compute Medicaid rebates, the company said in a filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
