Sentence examples for calculations of selection from inspiring English sources

All traits but Urel were transformed to a mean zero before calculations of selection differentials [ 38].

It has been shown, however, that small variations in tree topologies have minor impact on the parameters of phylogenetic models (Yang et al. 1994), and we would not expect it to significantly affect our calculations of selection coefficients.

In order to reduce fieldwork costs, the sample was clustered by neighbourhood code and a new selection was done proportional to the size of the target population in the cluster, which transformed the sample into a clustered random one still allowing the calculation of selection probabilities.

This is a major advantage in comparison with other methods based on exact calculation of selection probabilities of surveyed units.

Determining evolutionary rates would depend on the calculation of selection responses, which are the product of selection differentials and heritabilities (Hilborn and Minte-Vera 2008).

Comparison of vectors can be done in two related ways (details below); doing so first required calculation of selection gradients for the traits under study.

Since fast and stable calculation of selection intensities in multistage breeding programs is possible even for highly correlated EBV of successive stages and small proportions of selected individuals, the optimum selection index is the method of choice for the deterministic optimisation of breeding schemes using the selection index methodology.

All calculations of epitope selection process were conducted in INFORSENSE Knowledge Discovery Environment KDSsoftwareare platform [ 36].

Author's response: In Tables (2, 3) and Additional file 3, all values are original, which were achieved in statistical calculations of positive selection and functional divergence analysis using various softwares and were used as such.

Sample size calculation for selection of households from each sub-basin considers: (i) the proportion (p) for the different variables of investigation (p = 0.5); (ii) design effect of two to make an adjustment for non-random effect; (iii) 10%% margin of error at 95%% confidence; and (iv) 5%% non-response rate (Cochran 1977).

Here we used PAML 4.0 [45] for calculation of heterogeneous selection pressure at each codon and HyPhy [55] for directional selection in 335 non-egg-adapted and 32 egg-adapted human A(H1N1) HA sequences.