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Lancaster et al [ 2] list as legitimate objectives of a pilot study: sample size calculation; providing a dummy run of trial procedures/the protocol; testing data collection forms or questionnaires; testing how randomization procedures work; determining recruitment and consent rates; examining the acceptability of the intervention; and selection of the most appropriate primary outcome measure.
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When Social Security calculates benefit amounts, the calculation provides a greater benefit – percentage wise – for those who have lower earnings.
Each numerical calculation provides a rate of CO2 mobilization into the melt phase per metre ridge axis for a particular spreading rate.
Based on the above results, the calculation provides a guide for the design ultraviolet light-emitters with high performance.
Salahuddin notes that the confluence of experimental observation and theoretical calculation provides a concrete validation of the negative capacitance concept as well as an atomistic picture of a material in this state.
The density of states (DOS) calculation provides a first insight into the electronic configuration.
This calculation provides a national annual average and does not consider local factors such as catchment size, population density or flow rates.
This calculation provides a "Growth Rate", reflected by the slope of the growth curve: the steeper the slope (higher rate) the faster the growth.
Thus this calculation provides a measure of how well a data point is classified when it is assigned to a given cluster according to both the tightness of the clusters and the separation between them [25].
An anomalous dispersion difference Fourier calculation provided a further check.
This calculation provides a measure of the burden of ESRD on an individual.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com