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They suggest an eco-efficiency indicator which involves the calculation of the ratio of value added (i.e., the good output/GDP) to the environmental damage or pressure index (i.e., the bad output/pollutant), approaching therefore the environmental efficiency from a social point of view rather than from the managerial point of view.
Table 6 Composition of value added (percentages).
This capital income is not included in the calculation of value-added.
For this reason, the first calculation is that of a NUTS 3 unit economic sector percentage of gross value added of the member state's overall industrial gross value added.
Source: author's calculation Sector Multiplier Output Value added Income Agriculture 5.2 4.7 4.0 Crude oil 2.5 1.7 50.5 Other industry 5.7 15.9 Servicesvices 4.6 2.9 3.0.
Figure 1 Components of municipal value added.
We don't publish the actual figures for spending, or for the Guardian's value added calculation.
The comparison of the results between the treated and placebo groups allows for the calculation of the third contributor to improvement -- the value added from actual therapy.
Of course, price is only part of any proper calculation of value when choosing a college.
To avoid a denominator being 0 in calculation of ratio values, we added 1 count to every data point.
See the Methods section for calculation of values.
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