For random distributions of waviness, the predictions using this engineering approach are in good agreement with the direct calculations of strength using the finite element method.
Besides, this study intends to evaluate the bond strength of a partially de-bonded flexural member, based on the existing researchers' strength equation for calculation of bond strength.
In addition, the retrofit by using triple strips (the thickness of each strip is 1/3 of the single strip) was evaluated in order to improve the bond strength in the bonded region, The flexural strength of a RC member strengthened by a partially de-bonded NSM FRP strip was evaluated by using the existing researchers' strength equation for calculation of the strength after retrofit.
The load leading to the initial separation of materials was obtained in kilogram force (kgf) and converted to Newtons (N), for the calculation of flexural strength according to the following equation: Flexural Bond Strength MPa = 3 Pl / 2 bd 2. where P was the maximum load upon fracture (N), l the span distance (mm), b the width, and d the thickness of the specimen (mm).
The experimental procedure consists of the sample preparation, the testing of materials, the determination of system compliance, and calculation of tensile strength and axial modulus.
The calculation of rock strength and splitting rate is consistent with the actual measurement by using the embedded acoustic emission characteristic analysis mechanism.
three-point bending strength on mortar prisms (2 × 2 × 10 cm3): testing velocity v = 0.15 mm/min, distance between supports = 60 mm, calculation of bending strength according to standard DIN EN 12372 :1999 (average of three specimens).
This decrease was associated with the calculation of bond strength assuming constant bond stress distribution while higher non-linear distribution of bond stresses normally happened with longer embedded length in concrete.
Depending on the experiment, the analysis of Affymetrix results can have several different goals ranging from calculation of signal strength for a variety of inter-gene comparisons to the determination of which genes show significant differential expression between sample conditions.
The calculation of adhesion strength of fouling of the three milk products from both native and modified steel surfaces was in accordance with the experimentally determined results by fouling removal using a water jet method.
