The earliest known calculating device is probably the abacus.
According to one approach typified by Ptolemy in pre-modern thought and sometimes associated with "save the phenomena" type explanations hypotheses are posited merely because they are useful instruments, mere mathematical calculating devices especially useful for prediction and scientific practice.
The function of these provisos means that instrumentalist constructions of scientific theories as mere calculating devices and programs for the elimination of theoretical language by reduction to observational language alone are misguided and cannot be sustained.
A technique for calculating matching device parameters using an optimization procedure is presented.
LTDA have lodged appeal to Supreme Court In his written judgement on the case, Mr Justice Ouseley said that while the smarphone, with the driver's app, was essential in the calculation of fares, it was not a device "for" calculating fares in breach of the meter rules.
While in Russia (1784 1802), Sarti established a music conservatory, investigated the laws of acoustics, and invented a device for calculating sound vibrations to determine pitch standards.
Pre-dating smartphones, it defines a taximeter as "a device for calculating the fare to be charged in respect of any journey by reference to the distance travelled or time elapsed since the start…or both".
"The driver's Smartphone with the Driver's App is not a device for calculating fares by itself or in conjunction with Server 2, and even if it were, the vehicle is not equipped with it.
Now, in order to formulate VR we had to give a reduced reading to the statistical algorithm, i.e. that it is a mere mathematical device for calculating numbers from vectors, operators and numbers.
The Brazilian Solar Resource Atlas CD-ROM is intended to be a tool for solar system design, delivering information that relies on a large interactive database, including, also, a modern device for calculating the solar radiation collected by planes inclined at different tilt angles or tracking the sun around one or two axes.
